Why use stabilizers for PVC?

1. Heat Stability: PVC is sensitive to high temperatures, and when exposed to heat during processing or in service, it can undergo thermal degradation, resulting in color change, loss of mechanical properties, and ultimately material failure. Stabilizers help prevent or minimize heat-induced degradation, maintaining the integrity and performance of the PVC product.
2. UV Resistance: When PVC is exposed to sunlight and UV radiation, it can undergo photo-oxidative degradation, causing yellowing, brittleness, and surface cracking. UV stabilizers in PVC formulations protect the material from the harmful effects of UV rays, preserving its appearance and extending its service life in outdoor applications.
3. Weatherability: Outdoor PVC applications, such as building materials, need to withstand various weather conditions, including rain, humidity, and temperature fluctuations. Stabilizers enhance the PVC's resistance to weathering, preventing it from degrading or becoming brittle over time.
4. Oxidation Resistance: PVC is susceptible to oxidation, especially when in contact with certain chemicals or environmental pollutants. Stabilizers act as antioxidants, inhibiting the oxidation process and maintaining the PVC's performance and appearance.
5. Color Stability: Stabilizers help prevent color changes in PVC due to exposure to light, heat, and other environmental factors, ensuring that the material retains its original color and appearance over an extended period.
6. Processability: PVC stabilizers improve the processability of PVC during manufacturing processes such as extrusion, injection molding, and calendering. They ensure smooth processing, uniformity, and consistency in the final product.
7. Flame Retardancy: In some applications where fire safety is critical, certain stabilizers contribute to improving the PVC's flame retardancy, reducing the risk of fire spread and enhancing safety.

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When PVC is heated to between 170 and 180°C, the chlorine and hydrogen present in the molecules are eliminated, and hydrogen chloride (HCI) is released. Once such decomposition starts, unstable structures are formed in the molecule, which further accelerate HCl elimination and decomposition. As PVC is heated to soften during the extrusion or moulding process, prevention of hydrogen chloride elimination due to heat and subsequent decomposition is required. The presence of a stabiliser will prevent this initial release of hydrogen chloride from PVC.

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Heat stabilisers used in a formulation are usually combined with co-stabilisers that are organic materials such as polyols or epoxidised esters. They provide an additive synergistic effect, and, in the case of certain heat stabilisers, an enhancement of overall stabiliser performance.

Lead-based systems have been voluntarily phased out and replaced with calcium zinc (Ca-Zn) or calcium organic stabilisers within Europe under the VinylPlus commitment of the PVC industry.

The majority of tin (Sn) stabilisers are used for rigid packaging films, roofing and transparent rigid sheets for construction applications. The major metals contained in stabilisers are barium (Ba), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) and tin (Sn). Ba-Zn and Ca-Zn stabilisers are used under the form of metallic salts such as stearates, while Sn stabilisers are used under the form of organic tin (dialkyl tin compounds).

Contact us to discuss your requirements of what is usually used as pvc stabilizer. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.