Introduction
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Hello, guys, the FR107 diode is a fundamental component in electronics with versatile applications. This guide offers a comprehensive exploration of its principles, characteristics, and practical uses. Whether you're a novice or an experienced engineer, this guide will equip you with the essential knowledge to make the most of the FR107 diode in your circuits.
Table of Contents
What is a FR107 Diode?
FR107 is a fast recovery rectifier diode, which is also known as a 1A 100OV rectifier diode. It is mainly used in rectification circuits in various electronic equipment such as power supplies, inverters, chargers, AC-DC converters, lamps, and home appliances.
FR107 is a diode of the FR10x series. There are several other diodes in this series, such as FR101, FR102, FR103, FR104, FR105 and FR106. In addition to the "Peak Repeated Reverse Voltage", "Maximum RMS Voltage" and Maximum DC Resistance Except for differences in disconnection voltage and other aspects, other overall functional characteristics are the same. The FR107 diode is packaged in DO-41, which is easy to install and use.
Figure1-FR107
FR107 is a fast recovery diode and one of the common electronic components. This diode has the characteristics of rated reverse voltage V and rated reverse current 1A. FR107 is widely used in power circuits, electrical equipment, communication equipment, computer equipment, lighting equipment, and other fields.
Fast recovery diodes work by utilizing a PN junction, which directs current to the area between free electrons and holes. When the diode is non-conducting, one side is a P-type semiconductor and the other side is an N-type semiconductor. Since there are many impurity atoms between the two materials, these impurity atoms cause the movement of holes and free electrons. When voltage is applied to the diode, electrons move from the N terminal to the P terminal, and holes move from the P terminal to the N terminal.
In a circuit, when a fast recovery diode is subjected to a forward voltage, it will conduct like a normal diode. A fast recovery diode will have a normal safety margin when subjected to a reverse voltage but will be able to recover much faster due to its tiny capacitance.
FR107 diodes are characterized by their fast recovery speed, short recovery time, ability to withstand high temperatures, large rated voltage and current, and low reverse capacitance and forward voltage drop. This makes it an indispensable part of the power supply circuit.
Figure1-FR107 Diode pinout
FR107 Diode Datasheet
Technical
Capacitance @ Vr, F
10pF @ 4V 1MHz
Current - Average Rectified (Io)
1A
Current - Reverse Leakage @ Vr
5μA @ V
Diode Type
Standard
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)
1 (Unlimited)
Operating Temperature - Junction
-55°C~150°C
Packaging
Bulk
Part Status
Active
Reverse Recovery Time
500ns
Speed
Fast Recovery =< 500ns, > 200mA (Io)
Voltage - Forward (Vf) (Max) @ If
1.3V @ 1A
Physical
Mounting Type
Through Hole
Package / Case
DO-204AL, DO-41, Axial
Supplier Device Package
DO-204AL (DO-41)
Compliance
RoHS Status
ROHS3 Compliant
Rectification
The primary function of the FR107 diode is rectification, converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). This is essential in power supplies and many electronic devices.
Voltage Regulation
FR107 diodes are used in voltage regulation circuits to stabilize output voltage levels, especially in power supplies and voltage regulator modules.
Clipping and Clamping Circuits
They are employed in circuits to limit or "clip" the voltage amplitude or to "clamp" the voltage to a specific level.
Power Supplies
FR107 diodes are crucial components in various types of power supplies, including linear, switch-mode, and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS).
Flyback Diode in Inductive Loads
These diodes are employed as flyback diodes across inductive loads like motors and relays to prevent voltage spikes that can damage other components.
Figure2-FR107 Application
Plastic Package: UL Flammability
Classification Rating 94V-0
Capable of Meeting the Environmental Tests in MIL-STD-750C
High Reliability and Low Leakage
Fast Switching for High Efficiency
Polarity = Cathode band
Recurrent Peak Reverse Voltage Max. = V
Reverse recovery time = 500 ns
Typical Junction Capacitance = 15 pF
Average Forward Output Current Max. = 1 A
Forward Voltage Drop per element at 1.0A DC Max = 1.3 V
Operating and Storage Temperature Range = -65 to 150 °C
FR107 1N Pbfree Code Yes Rohs Code Yes No Part Life Cycle Code Contact Manufacturer Active Part Package Code DO-41 DO-41 Package Description O-PALF-W2 PLASTIC PACKAGE-2 Pin Count 2 2 Reach Compliance Code unknown unknown ECCN Code EAR99 EAR99 HTS Code .10.00.80 .10.00.80 Additional Feature HIGH RELIABILITY HIGH RELIABILITY Case Connection ISOLATED ISOLATED Configuration SINGLE SINGLE Diode Element Material SILICON SILICON Diode Type RECTIFIER DIODE RECTIFIER DIODE JEDEC-95 Code DO-41 DO-41 JESD-30 Code O-PALF-W2 O-PALF-W2 Number of Elements 1 1 Number of Terminals 2 2 Operating Temperature-Max 150 °C 150 °C Operating Temperature-Min -65 °C -65 °C Output Current-Max 1 A 1 A Package Body Material PLASTIC/EPOXY PLASTIC/EPOXY Package Shape ROUND ROUND Package Style LONG FORM LONG FORM Peak Reflow Temperature (Cel) NOT SPECIFIED Rep Pk Reverse Voltage-Max V V Reverse Recovery Time-Max 0.5 µs Surface Mount NO NO Terminal Form WIRE WIRE Terminal Position AXIAL AXIAL Time@Peak Reflow Temperature-Max (s) NOT SPECIFIED Base Number Matches 61 1 Forward Voltage-Max (VF) 1 V JESD-609 Code e0 Non-rep Pk Forward Current-Max 30 A Terminal Finish Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)
Circuit Configurations
Half-Wave Rectifier
A half-wave rectifier circuit is the simplest form of rectification. It uses one FR107 diode to convert either the positive or negative half of an AC waveform into DC.
Full-Wave Rectifier
A full-wave rectifier uses two FR107 diodes to convert both the positive and negative halves of the AC waveform into DC, resulting in a smoother output.
Bridge Rectifier
This configuration employs four diodes, including FR107, arranged in a bridge configuration, providing full-wave rectification with higher efficiency.
Voltage Doubler Circuit
By using capacitors in conjunction with FR107 diodes, a voltage doubler circuit can generate a DC output of approximately twice the peak AC voltage.
Snubber Circuit
Snubber circuits, utilizing FR107 diodes, are used to suppress voltage spikes and prevent damage to sensitive components in high-voltage applications.
FR107
Common Issues and Troubleshooting
Overheating
Check if the diode is appropriately rated for its handling current and voltage. Verify that any associated components, such as resistors or capacitors, are within their specified ratings.
Voltage Spikes
Add a flyback diode across inductive loads to suppress voltage spikes. Use snubber circuits to mitigate transient voltage spikes in high-voltage applications.
Short Circuits
Inspect solder joints and connections for any signs of a short circuit. Verify that the diode is oriented correctly in the circuit, following the manufacturer's datasheet.
Replacement and equivalent models include: PR, RP110, 1N; ultra-fast equivalent models: HER108G, 1U8, 70HFLR100S05, GL41M,1N.
Hornby Electronic Product Page
Also, if you want to use any diode from the FR10x series, you have to check the "peak repetitive reverse voltage" of the transistor or see the voltage for how many loads you can drive with that diode. For example, if you want to drive a load below 50V, you can use any diode from FR101 to FR107, but if the load requirement is higher than 50V and lower than 100V, you must choose the next value of the diode, which is FR102 and above. Therefore, it must be selected reasonably according to the load voltage requirements.
Online Retailers
Popular online electronics retailers like Digi-Key, Mouser, and Amazon often carry FR107 diodes.
Local Electronics Stores
Visit local electronics stores or hobbyist shops, where you may find FR107 diodes in stock.
Conclusion
The FR107 diode is a versatile and reliable component with a wide range of applications in electronics. By understanding its specifications, applications, and best practices for use, you can leverage its capabilities effectively in your projects. Remember to handle and operate diodes with care to ensure their longevity and performance.
Fast Recovery Diode &#; Construction, Working, Characteristics, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications
Diodes are semiconductor-based devices that allow current in only one direction. They are one of the most used electronic components used in modern circuits. They are used for switching, rectification, protection, etc. There are different types of diodes used in modern circuits for their specific function. A fast recovery diode is one of the many types of diode used for its fast reverse recovery time.
What is Fast Recovery Diode?
A fast recovery diode is a semiconductor-based PN junction diode that has a very fast reverse recovery time. It is also known as a fast diode or fast switching diode. Since it has a very fast reverse recovery time as compared to a conventional diode, it is best suited for high-frequency applications.
The diode conducts current in forward bias and blocks current in reverse bias. But due to the stored charge in its junction, it is unable to immediately block current when the applied voltage changes from forward to reverse bias. Due to stored charge carriers, it conducts in the reverse direction for a short duration of time called reverse recovery time.
A conventional diode has a large reverse recovery time and it is unable to block a high-frequency signal as the reverse half cycle conducts during the reverse recovery time. Therefore, the fast recovery diode is used for rectification of high-frequency signals.
The reverse recovery time Trr of the fast recovery diode ranges from tens to hundreds of nanoseconds. Whereas the reverse recovery time of a conventional PN junction diode resides in tens of microseconds. Therefore fast diode is used for rectification of signals up to 100 kHz.
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Symbol of Fast Diode
The symbol of a fast diode (for example FR-106, FR-107 etc. diode) is the same as a conventional diode because both of them have similar operations except for their switching speed.
Construction
It is a PN junction diode having a similar structure as a conventional diode. P-type semiconductors and N-type semiconductors are joined together to form a PN junction.
The only difference between them is that the fast diode has recombination centers in its semiconductor material. The recombination centers help in recombining the stored charge carriers and reducing their lifetime. Thus the junction is quickly drained of the stored charge and the recovery reverse time is reduced.
Gold is added as recombination centers in the semiconductor material such as gallium arsenide (GaAs). It greatly reduces the reverse recovery time as compared to a conventional diode. However, there is a limitation because the reverse current increases with an increase in the number of recombination centers. Therefore the amount of gold being added is taken into consideration.
Working of FR Diode
A fast recovery diode has the same operation as a conventional diode as they both are used for rectification. When an AC signal passes through a diode, the positive half cycle passes through it while the negative half cycle is blocked. However, it doesn&#;t immediately block the negative half cycle. It requires an amount of time to recover from the conduction state to the blocking state.
As we know that the time period of a signal is inversely proportional to its frequency (T = 1/f). Time period means the time required to complete one cycle. Low-frequency signal has a large time period i.e. they are slow. Any conventional diode can rectify them as they do not require a small recovery time.
However, high-frequency signals have a very short time period and the duration of a negative half cycle is very small. A conventional diode having a large recovery time will conduct the fast negative half cycle. Therefore they require a diode that has a very small recovery time to block the negative half.
The fast recovery diode achieves this small recovery time by adding gold as recombination centers in its semiconductor. During the conduction state, the electrons and holes flow to the opposite side of the PN junction. When the applied voltage reverses, the electrons and holes start to move to their sides.
Electrons are fast and they recover pretty quickly but the holes take time as they are heavier than electrons. They recombine with each other and form the depletion region that blocks the current flow. The recombination centers placed at a short distance in the semiconductor help in the recombination of the holes thus providing a fast recovery time.
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Forward Current Vs Reverse Recovery Time
The reverse recovery time greatly depends on the forward current. Forward current is the current flowing through the diode in forward bias.
In forward bias, electrons and holes move to the opposite side of the PN junction to flow out of the opposite terminals. The number of these electrons and holes depends on the forward current. A large forward current requires a large number of electrons and holes.
The greater the number of electrons and holes on their opposite sides, the larger the time taken by them to move to their sides. Thus the reverse recovery time is increased.
The n-layer consists of the majority of charge carriers electrons while the p-layer consists of holes. In forward bias, the electrons move to the p-layer while the holes move to the N-layer. When the applied voltage is reversed, the majority charge carriers move to their original side. But the holes are heavier.
Therefore, during the construction, the n-layer of the semiconductor is designed larger as compared to the p-layer and filled with traps (recombination centers). Usually, Gold is used to catch the holes moving back and reduce the recovery time.
Hard Recovery and Soft Recovery
The reverse recovery of a diode can be classified into two types
During hard recovery, the reverse current decrease suddenly whose magnitude oscillates creating noise as well as causing power loss. Hard recovery is illustrated by the given graphs.
The reverse recovery time is fairly small but there is a large noise generated in the system.
During soft recovery, the reverse current softly and smoothly reduces to zero. There is no abrupt change in the reverse current, as a result, there is no noise generated in the system. The reverse recovery time is comparatively large with low power loss but the system has no noise.
Electrical Characteristics
Here are some electrical characteristics of a fast recovery diode.
Forward Voltage: The forward voltage drop across the PN junction of the fast recovery diode is around 1.3 to 3.6 volts.
Maximum peak reverse voltage: the maximum reverse voltage the fast diode can withstand ranges between 600V and V.
Reverse Recovery Time: The time it takes to recover from forward conduction to reverse Blocking state and ranges between 10ns and 200ns.
Reverse Current: The maximum leakage current in reverse bias ranges from a few μA to tens of μA.
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Ultra High-Speed FRD
Such a type of FRD is specifically designed for its high speed even at the cost of high forward voltage. It has an extremely small reverse recovery time around 25 ns. But the forward voltage drop is fairly large in the range of 3 to 3.6 volts. It does have the disadvantage of high forward voltage but still, it is used for its high switching speed. Another advantage of ultra high-speed FRD is its soft recovery characteristics.
Reverse Recovery Characteristics
The given graph shows the comparison between the fast recovery diode and the conventional diode. It shows the change in the diode current with respect to time during the switching from forward bias to reverse bias.
As seen in the graph, the reverse current in the fast recovery diode quickly reduces to zero due to the recombination centers. Whereas in a conventional diode, the reverse current takes a long time to reduce to zero.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Fast Recovery Diodes
Advantages
Here are some advantages of a fast recovery diode
The main advantage is its high switching speed.
It has a very low reverse recovery time
It has lower losses as compared to conventional diodes.
Its efficiency is high as compared to a conventional diode.
It has a lower reverse leakage current as compared to the Schottky diode.
It can withstand higher reverse voltage as compared to the Schottky diode.
Disadvantages
Here are some advantages of a fast recovery diode
With the addition of gold as recombination centers, the reverse leakage current in the diode increases.
Compared to the Schottky diode , it has high power consumption.
It has a higher forward voltage drop as compared to the Schottky diode.
Applications
Generally, a fast recovery diode is used in the high-speed application.
They are usually used for the rectification of high-frequency signals.
They are used in envelope detectors for RF signals.
They are used in high-speed analog and digital communication.
They are used in various automobile industries.
They are used in high-speed DC to DC converters.
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