Types of Car Suspension Systems [PDF] – Design

Introduction

Suspension is important for vehicles. It absorbs road shocks and safety. Different suspension systems have different features. This article will help you to learn about them in detail.

Types Of Suspensions Systems

The suspension system is divided into the following categories:

Double Wishbone Suspension

The Double Wishbone suspension also has an independent design, so the turning angle and suspension movement will not affect the geometry angle, because the angle will remain constant. This suspension is fairly easy to get damaged in its parts, such as broken ball joint at the bottom or top, long tie rod, and end tier rod. To avoid various damage to the car, you can do spooring regularly.

Pros

• Precise handling
• Good control over angles

Cons

• Complex
• Limited space

Multi-Link Suspension

Multi-Link suspension combines Double Wishbone and Multi-Link, making it intricate with separate parts connected by joints. It control wheel forces for good grip. However, if it gets damaged, fixing it takes time, and the parts are hard to find, making it pricier than other suspensions.

Pros

• Balance between comfort and handling
• Tuning flexibility

Cons

• Complex
• Increased weight

Rigid Axle Suspension

Rigid Axle suspension is typically found at the rear of a car. It has two wheels on the rear. It is connected to a single axle. There are two types of Rigid Axle suspension:

• With leaf springs
• With coil springs, often called just “springs.”

Axle Rigid suspension is simple and sturdy. It absorbs road shocks for a smooth ride. Different car brands have unique suspension setups. Some types are commonly used in modern cars.

Pros

• Simplicity
• Lower cost

Cons

• Poor handling
• Limited articulation

Macpherson Suspension

Macpherson suspension is named after Earle Macpherson. Automakers favor it due to its affordability and simple components. Macpherson suspension has an upright design supported by shock absorbers, making it easily accessible. It struggles with heavy loads. It changes its tilt angle during turns. It also affects tire grip on the road.

Pros

• Simple
• Space-efficient

Cons

• Limited adjustability
• Body roll

Independent Suspension

Independent suspension is a unique design where the rear wheels aren’t directly connected, allowing one wheel to move without affecting the other. This suspension is found in luxury cars. This is due to its complexity and independent axle movements. This is made possible by two flexible joints. For example, the Wuling Cortez CT Type S offers this comfort in its rear wheels, making both drivers and passengers in the back seat enjoy a comfortable ride.

Pros

• Improved comfort
• Better traction

Cons

• Complexity
• Maintenance

Rigid suspension – Leaf Spring

Rigid – Leafspring suspension is commonly seen in cars in Indonesia, especially in commercial or older models, often used at the rear due to its stiffness. It has a straightforward construction with an Axle Housing connected to the frame using a U-Bolt, offering good durability.

Pros

• Simple
• Durable

Cons

• Limited comfort
• Less precise

Trailing Arm Suspension

Trailing Arm suspension is similar in appearance to 3 Links – Rigid but operates differently. It connects from the right to the left. It is typically placed at the rear of the car.

Pros

• Stability
• Simplicity

Cons

• Limited adjustability
• Axle hop

Air Suspension

Air Suspension is a high-performance suspension. It is found mainly in luxury cars. It can be computer-adjusted for precise settings. It has a complex construction and comes at a high cost compared to other suspensions.

Pros

• Adjustable height
• Load-leveling

Cons

• Complex maintenance
• Reliability issues

A Video on Types of suspension systems

FAQ’s

What does car Suspension do?

A car’s suspension system soak up bumps from the road. It keeps the tires on the ground and ensures a comfy ride. It also boost safety. It’s made up of parts like shock absorbers, springs, and the car frame that cooperate to keep the vehicle steady and well-handled while you drive.

How does a car suspension work?

When you hit a bump on the road, the springs and shock absorbers compress. They then rebound. This makes sure that the wheels stay on the road. This combination provides a comfortable ride and makes the car safer.

What are the components of a car Suspension System?

The suspension system is made up of shock absorbers, springs, and the car frame. These components team up to absorb the shocks and vibrations.

Conclusion

Keep in mind that the right suspension for one vehicle may not work well for another. So, consider factors like the vehicle type, its purpose, cost, performance, durability, ease of upkeep, and personal preferences when making your choice.