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What are the different types of tanks for LNG ships?
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) has increasingly gained popularity as a cleaner and more efficient alternative to traditional fossil fuels. As demand for LNG grows, so does the need for specialized ships capable of transporting this valuable energy source across oceans. These ships are equipped with various types of tanks to store and transport the liquefied gas safely. Let's explore the different types of tanks used in LNG ships.
1. Moss or GTT Tanks:
One of the most common tank designs utilized in LNG carriers is the Moss or Gaz Transport & Technigaz (GTT) tank. These tanks consist of cylindrical shells and a domed roof, usually made of steel. The tanks are insulated to maintain the extremely low temperatures required to keep the LNG in its liquid state. Moss tanks are self-supported by the hull structure, making them robust and suitable for larger LNG ships. GTT tanks, on the other hand, feature a secondary barrier, which enhances their safety by minimizing the risk of leaks or ruptures.
2. Membrane Tanks:
Another type of tank often found in LNG ships is the Membrane tank. These tanks use a membrane made of insulating materials, like stainless steel or Invar, to contain the LNG. The membrane acts as a barrier between the cargo and the outer hull structure, providing the necessary insulation. Membrane tanks are lightweight compared to Moss or GTT tanks and are often used in smaller LNG carriers. This design allows for increased cargo capacity due to reduced weight, resulting in more efficient transport.
3. Independent Tanks:
Independent tanks, as the name suggests, are not integral to the ship's hull structure like Moss or GTT tanks. Instead, they are separate structures within the vessel designed to carry LNG. These tanks are typically spherical or spherical-like in shape and constructed with high-strength materials such as nickel steel. Independent tanks provide flexibility in the arrangement of cargo holds within the ship, allowing for optimal cargo capacity and balancing.
4. Invar Tanks:
Invar tanks, also known as Type B tanks, are a specialized type of tank used in the construction of LNG ships. These tanks feature a double-walled design, with an inner tank made of stainless steel and an outer tank built from low-temperature nickel steel known as Invar. Invar tanks offer superior temperature stability, reducing the risk of thermal stress and providing enhanced safety. The use of Invar tanks allows for efficient insulation and increased cargo capacity.
In conclusion, the different types of tanks used in LNG ships serve the common purpose of safeguarding the liquefied natural gas during transportation. Moss or GTT tanks are widely employed in larger carriers, offering robustness and secondary barrier safety. Membrane tanks, on the other hand, are lighter and commonly used in smaller vessels, allowing for increased cargo capacity. Independent tanks provide flexibility in cargo arrangement and sphere-like structure, while Invar tanks offer temperature stability and enhanced safety features. Each tank type has its own advantages, and the choice depends on the specific requirements of the LNG carrier. With these specialized tanks, LNG ships can navigate the seas, meeting the global demand for clean energy while ensuring the smooth and secure transportation of liquefied natural gas.
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