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Hydraulic systems are essential components of many industrial operations, and the heart of these systems are the hydraulic fittings. But what are the different types of hydraulic fittings? How are they installed and maintained? Let's delve into the world of hydraulic fittings and understand their importance in hydraulic systems, their diverse types, installation methods, maintenance, and more.

When diving into the world of hydraulics, one cannot underestimate the role of hydraulic fittings. These are integral components that connect and control the flow of hydraulic fluid within the hydraulic system, ensuring its smooth operation. They may appear minute in comparison to the overall machinery, but their functionality is crucial. They act as the bridge, linking tubes, pipes, and hoses to the different elements within the system.

Hydraulic fittings come in a myriad of shapes and sizes, each designed for specific types of connections and pressure ratings. As such, the choice of the right hydraulic fitting is of utmost importance. An inappropriate fitting not only jeopardizes the system's efficiency but also risks the safety of the operations.

For instance, John Deere, a globally recognized brand in heavy equipment manufacturing, utilizes specific types of hydraulic fittings in their machinery to maintain high performance. This fact alone underscores the significance of hydraulic fittings in contributing to the reliability and efficiency of hydraulic systems.

On the other hand, hydraulic fittings also facilitate the maintenance and repair of hydraulic systems. With the right types of hydraulic fittings, system components can be easily replaced, reducing downtime and increasing productivity.

So, whether you're working with hydraulic hose fittings or different types of hydraulic connectors, a solid understanding of these elements can make the difference between a fully functional system and one that's prone to breakdowns and inefficiency.

In the upcoming sections, we will delve deeper into the different types of hydraulic fittings, their applications, and tips for choosing the right one for your needs.

As we progress further into our discussion, it becomes imperative to establish a clear understanding of what hydraulic fittings really are. Essentially, hydraulic fittings are components used to connect various parts of a hydraulic system, such as tubes, pipes, and hoses, in order to control and direct the flow of hydraulic fluid.

Their role is pivotal in maintaining the seamless operation of the hydraulic system. These small yet highly significant components ensure that the hydraulic fluid is effectively transported from one section to another, facilitating the conversion of hydraulic energy into mechanical energy, which in turn powers the machinery.

Hydraulic fittings can be made from a variety of materials, such as steel, stainless steel, brass, and plastic, depending on the nature of their application. They need to withstand high pressure, extreme temperatures, and corrosive environments, making their build quality a crucial aspect to consider.

Additionally, hydraulic fittings come in a wide array of designs and sizes, each tailored for a specific connection type or pressure rating. This broad spectrum of hydraulic fittings caters to a multitude of applications, from heavy machinery to precision hydraulic systems.

In the subsequent sections, we will explore the different types of hydraulic fittings, their characteristics, and the specifics of their use, ensuring you gain comprehensive knowledge to make informed decisions.

While it's easy to be awed by the sheer power and complexity of hydraulic systems, the unsung heroes of these systems are the hydraulic fittings. They play crucial roles that may not be as visible as those of the larger components, but without them, the functionality of the entire system would be compromised.

Primarily, hydraulic fittings serve as a connecting link in the system. They facilitate the passage of hydraulic fluid between the various components, ensuring the fluid's smooth and uninterrupted flow. By securely connecting tubes, hoses, and pipes, hydraulic fittings maintain the integrity of the hydraulic circuit, hence ensuring the optimal performance of the system.

In addition, hydraulic fittings contribute significantly to the system's pressure capability. Each fitting is designed to withstand a specific pressure range. Therefore, the correct fitting ensures the system's ability to operate at the required pressure without risk of failure or leakage.

Hydraulic fittings also play a pivotal role in system maintenance and repair. The ability to easily connect and disconnect these fittings simplifies the process of replacing or repairing system components. This attribute is particularly vital in reducing downtime and increasing the overall efficiency of hydraulic operations.

Finally, by allowing for the customization of the hydraulic system, fittings such as hydraulic hose fittings and others can cater to various applications and requirements. From the agriculture sector's heavy-duty machinery, like the ones by John Deere, to precise medical equipment, hydraulic fittings play a critical role in shaping the flexibility and adaptability of hydraulic systems.

By understanding the role of hydraulic fittings, it becomes clearer why selecting the right type is so essential. In the following sections, we will explore the different types of hydraulic fittings, ensuring a more comprehensive understanding of this topic.

Introduction to Fitting Standards

One crucial aspect when delving into the domain of hydraulic fittings is understanding the standards that govern their manufacture and use. These standards, put forth by various international organizations, ensure the safety, reliability, and interoperability of hydraulic fittings, thereby enhancing the performance and longevity of the hydraulic system as a whole.

These standards cover various aspects, such as the dimensions, materials, pressure ratings, temperature ratings, and the design of different types of hydraulic fittings. They ensure that a hydraulic fitting made by one manufacturer can seamlessly fit into a system designed by another. This standardization facilitates system design and maintenance while ensuring safety and reliability.

How Fitting Standards Impact Choice and Usage

The standards for hydraulic fittings play a vital role in influencing the choice and usage of these components. Since each type of fitting is designed to adhere to specific standards, knowing these standards can guide the selection process, ensuring the chosen fitting is fit for purpose and safe to use.

For instance, the type of fitting used in heavy-duty machinery, such as John Deere's hydraulic systems, may differ from those used in lighter, less demanding applications. This is due to the different standards these fittings must meet regarding pressure ratings, robustness, and other specifications.

Furthermore, adherence to fitting standards simplifies maintenance and repair work. With standardized fittings, replacement components can be easily sourced and installed, reducing system downtime. In contrast, non-standard fittings could lead to compatibility issues, potentially causing system failures and increased maintenance costs.

In the forthcoming sections, we will delve into the different types of hydraulic fittings, their respective standards, and how these standards influence their use in various hydraulic systems.

How Hydraulic Fittings Manage Pressure in Hydraulic Systems

In hydraulic systems, managing pressure is crucial for ensuring efficient and safe operation. This is where hydraulic fittings come into play. They are designed and constructed to withstand high pressure while ensuring a secure connection between system components.

Each type of hydraulic fitting is rated for a certain pressure range. When the hydraulic fluid is pumped through the system, it exerts pressure on the walls of the tubes, hoses, and fittings. The fittings must withstand this pressure to prevent leaks or ruptures. This is why it's important to use hydraulic fittings that meet or exceed the system's maximum operating pressure.

Moreover, hydraulic fittings also help regulate the pressure within the system. Through the use of varying sizes and types of fittings, the pressure can be adjusted to match the requirements of the system's various components, ensuring optimal performance.

The Role of Fittings in Regulating Fluid Flow

Beyond managing pressure, hydraulic fittings also play a significant role in regulating the flow of hydraulic fluid within the system. They control the direction, rate, and flow pattern of the fluid, making them indispensable to the system's operation.

The diameter and design of the hydraulic fitting can significantly affect fluid flow. Larger fittings allow for more fluid to pass through, resulting in a higher flow rate. Conversely, smaller fittings limit the flow rate, which can be useful for applications that require a slower, more controlled fluid movement.

Moreover, fittings like elbows, tees, and crosses are used to direct the fluid flow in different directions. This ensures that the hydraulic fluid reaches all components of the system as needed, contributing to the system's overall functionality and efficiency.

In our subsequent sections, we will be elaborating on the different types of hydraulic fittings and how they cater to various pressure and flow requirements within hydraulic systems.

In the realm of hydraulic systems, fittings come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, and designs, each with its unique role and application. Let's dive deeper into understanding the different types of hydraulic fittings.

Adapters are versatile fittings that help connect different types of components within a hydraulic system. They are often used to connect parts with different thread types or sizes, allowing for a smooth flow of hydraulic fluid across the system.

Elbows

Elbows, as the name suggests, change the direction of the hydraulic fluid flow. They are typically used when the tubing or hose line must be bent at an angle, ensuring a smooth transition and minimizing pressure drops.

Tees and Crosses

Tees and crosses are used when the hydraulic fluid flow needs to be split into two or more directions. While tees split the flow into two paths, crosses divide it into three or four, allowing for more complex hydraulic circuit designs.

Couplings, often referred to as connectors, are used to connect two tubes or hoses together. They come in various designs, including straight couplings, reducing couplings, and quick-disconnect couplings, each serving different needs within the hydraulic system.

Caps and Plugs

Caps and plugs are used to block the flow of hydraulic fluid in certain parts of the system, usually for maintenance or system testing purposes. While caps are used to block the end of a line, plugs are used to block the fitting's interior.

Hydraulic hose fittings are specially designed for use with hydraulic hoses. They come in many types and sizes, from crimp fittings that provide a secure connection, to reusable fittings that offer flexibility and ease of maintenance.

In our subsequent sections, we will delve deeper into these types of hydraulic fittings, their specific applications, and how they contribute to the overall functioning of hydraulic systems.

The Characteristics and Uses of Threaded Hydraulic Fittings

Threaded hydraulic fittings are characterized by their screw-like design, which enables a secure, tight connection between different hydraulic system components. This type of fitting is highly versatile, available in a multitude of designs and sizes to suit diverse applications.

Threaded fittings can be used with a wide range of hoses, tubes, and pipes. They offer a high degree of reliability and can withstand significant amounts of pressure, making them ideal for demanding hydraulic applications. Whether it's the high-pressure hydraulic systems in heavy-duty machinery or more controlled environments in smaller machines, threaded fittings have a place in nearly every hydraulic system.

Subcategories of Threaded Fittings: NPT, JIC, BSP, and More

There are several subcategories of threaded hydraulic fittings, each with its unique characteristics and uses. Let's explore some of the most common ones:

NPT (National Pipe Thread) Fittings

NPT fittings are a popular type of threaded fitting in the United States. They have a tapered thread design, allowing for a tight, secure connection that becomes more firm as the fitting is tightened. NPT fittings are commonly used in a wide range of hydraulic applications due to their reliability and ease of use.

JIC (Joint Industry Council) Fittings

JIC fittings have a 37-degree flare at the end, enabling a high-strength, leak-free connection. They are widely used in hydraulic systems, especially those found in heavy machinery, such as John Deere's hydraulic systems.

BSP (British Standard Pipe) Fittings

BSP fittings are popular in Europe, Australia, and parts of Asia. They come in two types - parallel (BSPP) and tapered (BSPT). The parallel variety has a two-piece seal arrangement, while the tapered type seals on the threads, similar to NPT fittings.

In the following sections, we'll explore more about these different types of hydraulic fittings, discussing their specific applications and highlighting the nuances that make each of them unique and vital to the world of hydraulic systems.

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How Quick Connect Hydraulic Fittings Work

Quick connect hydraulic fittings, as their name suggests, allow for easy and rapid connection and disconnection of hydraulic components. They are characterized by a simple, yet robust design that enables hydraulic system operators to connect or disconnect the fittings without using any tools.

The functionality of quick connect fittings relies on two key parts - the male (plug) and the female (socket) halves. When the male half is inserted into the female half, an internal mechanism within the female component locks onto the male, establishing a secure, leak-free connection. Disconnecting these fittings is just as straightforward, typically involving the push or pull of a latch or sleeve.

The Advantages and Applications of Quick Connect Fittings

Quick connect fittings offer numerous advantages that make them a popular choice in various hydraulic applications. Some of these benefits include:

• Speed and Efficiency: As the name suggests, quick connect fittings allow for swift connection and disconnection, saving valuable time in high-demand environments.
• Ease of Use: With no tools required for connection or disconnection, quick connect fittings simplify hydraulic system assembly and maintenance.
• Reduced Downtime: The speed and simplicity of these fittings help minimize system downtime during maintenance or component replacement.
• Flexibility: Available in various designs, sizes, and materials, quick connect fittings can be used in a wide array of hydraulic systems.

In terms of applications, quick connect fittings are used across numerous sectors, including agriculture, manufacturing, construction, and automotive industries. They are particularly beneficial in situations where equipment or machinery needs to be frequently connected and disconnected, such as in modular systems, test equipment, and multiple-coupling panels.

We will continue exploring the fascinating world of hydraulic fittings in the following sections, delving deeper into the different types and their unique characteristics.

An Overview of Flange Hydraulic Fittings

Flange hydraulic fittings are a subtype of hydraulic connectors characterized by a protruding rim, collar, or edge, known as a flange. They come in various sizes and designs to accommodate a broad spectrum of hydraulic applications.

Flange fittings provide a secure and robust connection between different components of a hydraulic system, making them ideal for high-pressure environments. They feature a mounting plate or a similar mechanism that allows for secure attachment to the receiving component. When mounted and tightened, flange fittings form a seal that can resist high pressure, vibration, and dynamic forces.

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Where and Why Flange Fittings Are Used

Flange fittings are extensively used in high-pressure hydraulic systems due to their strength and resilience. You can find them in construction machinery, marine applications, mining equipment, and other heavy-duty hydraulic systems.

So why choose flange fittings? Here are a few compelling reasons:

• Durability: Due to their robust construction, flange fittings can withstand the rigors of high-pressure environments, making them an excellent choice for heavy-duty applications.
• Leak-Proof: Once mounted and tightened, flange fittings form a high-quality, leak-free seal that can endure substantial pressure and dynamic forces.
• Versatility: Flange fittings come in a variety of sizes and designs, making them compatible with a wide range of hydraulic applications.

In the following sections, we'll delve deeper into other types of hydraulic fittings, continuing our journey into this critical aspect of hydraulic systems.

Understanding the Design and Purpose of Elbow Hydraulic Fittings

Elbow hydraulic fittings, sometimes referred to as angle fittings, are designed to connect hoses or pipes at an angle, usually 45 or 90 degrees. These types of hydraulic fittings are particularly useful in systems where the hose or pipe needs to be bent around corners or obstacles, or where space is limited.

Elbow fittings come in a variety of shapes and sizes and can feature different types of connections, including threaded, flange, or quick-connect mechanisms, allowing them to suit diverse applications. Furthermore, they are made from a variety of materials, including steel, stainless steel, brass, and more, to handle a wide range of pressures and operating conditions.

The Importance of Elbow Fittings in Specific Hydraulic Applications

Elbow fittings play a pivotal role in various hydraulic applications where direct, straight-line connections are not feasible. They facilitate smooth and efficient fluid flow around corners, contributing to the overall functionality and performance of the system.

Examples of where elbow fittings are typically used include heavy machinery, aviation systems, automotive braking systems, and other hydraulic setups that involve intricate routing of hoses and pipes. These versatile fittings allow engineers and technicians to design hydraulic systems with increased flexibility and adaptability, catering to the demands of complex application scenarios.

Stay tuned as we continue to explore more about the exciting world of hydraulic fittings in the following sections.

Introducing Push-On Hydraulic Fittings

Push-on hydraulic fittings, also known as push-to-connect or instant fittings, are user-friendly connectors that enable quick and tool-free connection or disconnection. They function through a straightforward mechanism&#;when the end of the tube or hose is pushed into the fitting, a mechanism locks it into place, creating a secure connection.

These fittings are typically constructed from durable materials like stainless steel or brass, ensuring they can handle substantial pressure levels. They come in various designs and sizes to accommodate different hose diameters and application requirements.

Key Uses and Benefits of Push-On Fittings

Push-on fittings are widely used in low to medium-pressure hydraulic systems due to their several distinct advantages:

• Efficiency: Their tool-free, push-to-connect design enables quick and easy assembly and disassembly, saving valuable time and effort.
• Reliability: Despite the simplicity of connection, push-on fittings offer a secure and leak-free connection that can withstand the system's operational pressure.
• Versatility: With a wide range of sizes and designs, push-on fittings can cater to diverse application needs.

They find extensive use in numerous hydraulic applications including automated machinery, pneumatic controls, robotics, and other situations where quick and efficient connections are vital.

In our next sections, we'll delve into more details about different types of hydraulic fittings, as we continue to traverse the intriguing universe of hydraulic components.

The Role of Adapters in Hydraulic Fitting Configurations

Adapters are crucial components in hydraulic systems. They play the essential role of facilitating connections between two incompatible parts, such as between different types or sizes of hydraulic fittings. Adapters come in various forms, including straight, elbow, tee, and cross configurations, to accommodate a wide range of connection needs.

Hydraulic adapters can be particularly beneficial in situations where retrofitting or upgrading a hydraulic system is necessary. They allow for the incorporation of new parts into existing setups without the need for significant alterations or modifications. Additionally, in systems where complex routing is required, adapters provide the flexibility to arrange fittings and hoses in an optimal manner.

How Ferrules Contribute to Hydraulic System Efficiency

Ferrules are small cylindrical components often found in compression fittings, contributing significantly to the overall efficiency and reliability of hydraulic systems. They function as the sealing element in these fittings, securing the connection by being compressed onto the hose or tube when the fitting is tightened.

A correctly installed ferrule can deliver a robust, leak-proof connection that can withstand the system's pressure. They are typically made from materials like steel or brass, allowing them to endure varying operating conditions. Furthermore, ferrules play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the hose or tube, preventing it from damage caused by pressure or external forces.

As we continue to explore the fascinating world of hydraulic fittings, we'll discover more about their diverse types and their roles in shaping efficient and reliable hydraulic systems.

Criteria for Comparing Different Types of Hydraulic Fittings

When comparing various types of hydraulic fittings, several key criteria come into play. Understanding these criteria can assist in the selection of the most suitable fitting for a particular application. These criteria include:

• Pressure Rating: Each fitting type is rated for a specific range of pressure. It is essential to choose a fitting that can safely handle the system's operating pressure.
• Material Compatibility: The fitting material must be compatible with the hydraulic fluid used to prevent corrosion and other types of damage.
• Ease of Connection/Disconnection: Some fittings, like quick-connect or push-on types, allow for quick and tool-free connections, while others may require tools and more time to install.
• Leak Resistance: The ability of a fitting to form a secure, leak-free connection is crucial for system efficiency and safety.
• Cost: The price of fittings can vary significantly, and it's important to consider budget constraints.

A Practical Comparison Based on Common Criteria

While it's impossible to cover all types of hydraulic fittings in this comparison, we'll take a look at a few examples:

• Threaded Fittings: Known for their reliability and wide variety, threaded fittings are typically durable and resistant to leaks. They can, however, be more time-consuming to install and may not be suitable for quick-disconnect applications.
• Quick-Connect Fittings: Ideal for applications requiring frequent disconnections, these fittings offer easy and tool-free installation. They may be less suitable for high-pressure applications and may potentially have a higher likelihood of leaks if not correctly connected.
• Flange Fittings: These fittings are designed for high-pressure applications and offer robust leak resistance. However, they typically require more effort to install and are generally more costly.

The choice of hydraulic fittings greatly influences the performance and reliability of hydraulic systems. Understanding the key differences among fitting types aids in the selection of the most appropriate fitting for each unique application.

Factors to Consider When Selecting a Hydraulic Fitting

The selection of hydraulic fittings is a crucial process, given their influence on the performance and safety of hydraulic systems. Here are the key factors that should be considered:

• Operating Pressure: The fitting must be able to handle the system's maximum operating pressure.
• Fluid Compatibility: The fitting material should be compatible with the hydraulic fluid to prevent corrosion and premature failure.
• Environmental Conditions: Factors such as temperature, humidity, and exposure to chemicals or abrasive materials can impact a fitting's durability and effectiveness.
• Size and Configuration: The fitting should be of the correct size and configuration to fit the hose or tubing, and also the port it connects to.
• Standards and Regulations: Some applications may require fittings that meet specific standards or regulations.

How to Match Fitting Type to Specific Applications

Each type of hydraulic fitting has its own strengths and weaknesses, making it more suitable for certain applications over others. Here's how you can match the fitting type to specific applications:

• Threaded Fittings: Ideal for permanent connections, especially in high-pressure systems.
• Quick-Connect Fittings: Best for applications where hoses or other components need to be frequently disconnected and reconnected.
• Flange Fittings: Preferred for heavy-duty applications, high-pressure systems, and when a strong, leak-proof connection is needed.

With a firm understanding of the requirements of your hydraulic system and the different types of fittings available, you can make an informed decision when selecting hydraulic fittings for specific applications.

Proper Installation Practices for Hydraulic Fittings

Proper installation is crucial to the performance and longevity of hydraulic fittings. Here are some best practices:

• Follow Manufacturer Instructions: Each type of fitting may have specific installation instructions provided by the manufacturer. It's essential to follow these to ensure optimal performance.
• Use the Right Tools: Using the wrong tools can cause damage to the fittings and result in leaks. Specialized tools may be required for certain types of fittings.
• Ensure Cleanliness: The hydraulic fluid should be clean and free from contaminants to prevent wear and damage to the fitting and the entire hydraulic system.

The Role of Maintenance in Hydraulic Fitting Lifespan

Regular maintenance plays a significant role in prolonging the lifespan of hydraulic fittings. Here are some points to keep in mind:

• Regular Inspection: Regularly inspect the fittings for signs of wear, damage, or leaks. Early detection can prevent more significant issues and system downtime.
• Routine Cleaning: Keep the fittings clean to prevent buildup of dirt or contaminants that could cause wear or corrosion.
• Periodic Replacement: Even with the best care, hydraulic fittings will wear over time. Replacing them at recommended intervals can prevent failures and improve system performance.

Proper installation and regular maintenance can drastically improve the performance and lifespan of hydraulic fittings, ensuring efficient operation of your hydraulic systems.

List of Common Errors Made in the Selection, Installation, and Maintenance of Hydraulic Fittings

The efficacy of a hydraulic system depends largely on the correct selection, installation, and maintenance of its fittings. Here are some common mistakes that are often made:

• Incorrect Selection: Choosing a fitting based solely on its size, rather than considering other critical factors such as pressure rating, material compatibility, and environmental conditions.
• Improper Installation: Over-tightening the fittings, using the wrong tools, or not properly cleaning the system prior to installation.
• Neglected Maintenance: Failing to regularly inspect, clean, and replace the fittings as necessary, leading to system failure and costly downtime.

Tips on How to Avoid These Common Mistakes

To maintain an efficient and reliable hydraulic system, here are some tips to avoid these common errors:

• Thoroughly Understand Your Needs: Before selecting a fitting, understand your hydraulic system's requirements thoroughly. This includes its operating pressure, fluid type, environmental conditions, and compliance standards.
• Follow Best Practices: Adhere to the manufacturer's instructions for installing the fittings, use the appropriate tools, and ensure the system is clean before installation.
• Regular Maintenance: Implement a regular maintenance schedule that includes inspection, cleaning, and timely replacement of fittings.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you can ensure a longer lifespan and optimal performance of your hydraulic system.

Conclusion

Understanding the various types of hydraulic fittings and their uses is a cornerstone of any hydraulic system. Proper selection, installation, and maintenance of these fittings can significantly improve the efficiency and longevity of your system. At Laike Hydraulics, we are dedicated to providing top-quality hydraulic fittings that ensure your hydraulic systems operate at their best. Discover more about our wide range of hydraulic fittings at our website today.

Sinopulse Group specializes in fabricating all kinds of rubber hydraulic hoses, supplying a wide range of hydraulic fittings applicable to almost all machinery requiring hydraulic fluid conveying systems. But you may wonder there are a variety of types and dimensions of hydraulic hose fittings in the different regional hydraulic markets, for instance, European markets have their own standards thus American markets prefer to another, moreover, each country has its own traditional usage in thread type, seal type, how can you match them according to client&#;s requirement, in this article, I will elaborate the details to identify hydraulic fittings you need, and eventually offer you a simple sequence of Number which represent you want. Let&#;s dive into it.

what are hydraulic fittings made of?

Carbon steel fittings with zinc-plated surfaces are the most popular ones in our stock house, most clients prefer to buy these fittings because of their anti-corrosion, durability, and low-price features, they can meet over 80% of requirements. Anti-salt fog test can witness their durability in some corrosive conditions.

Stainless steel hydraulic fittings have higher corrosion resistance and endure higher pressure, and can be used in some extremely high or low temperatures. But, their price is approximately 10 times steel fittings.

The five dimensions to identify hydraulic fittings

We divide a normal hydraulic fitting into three sections, Head part, Body Part, and Tail part, please refer to the image below:

Hydraulic Fitting Diagram

Our search form on the hydraulic fitting page offers a simple method to help you identify the right one you want to order:

In the query form, you should determine each param one by on in sequence.

Tail type

On the tail part, we connect the hydraulic fitting and the end of the hydraulic hose into a tight integration by the methods of crimping the hydraulic ferrule out of the hydraulic hose with a fitting nipple supported inside the hose.

On the hydraulic ferrule, several ring teeth tightly bite the out layer of the hose when they are crimped and pressed on with a hose crimping machine, so, when they are put into use, they can endure a high-pressure pulse.

On the hydraulic fittings nipple, common hydraulic fittings have several ring pagoda shape barbs in order to increase the friction preventing them from dropping out. Here&#; We name it swaged hydraulic fitting

In some high-pressure occasions, It is not enough to bite the outer layer of the hydraulic hose, we need to peel the inner layer of the hose and introduce interlock hydraulic fitting to cooperate to fasten the hose end with the outer ferrule.

on the interlock fittings, there are Several circular bulges, that have the same functions as the ferrule, and they can supply more friction than the common ring pagoda barbs, So, we call it to interlock hydraulic fitting.

In some other scenarios, we need to replace the worn ones with reusable fittings temporarily for example on-field use, we don&#;t have hose-making machines, so we can use reusable fittings with a wrench. it is handy but not for permanent use.

Thread type:

In many world regions, especially in developed countries, the industry started early and then formed its own standard system. The main thread types are involved British standards, German Standards, American Standards, and Japanese Standards.

Region ScopeThread Abbr.CompleteNameThread StandardDescription BritishBSPTBritish Standard Pipe Tapered--British Thread Type
Also adopted by Japanese, used in some Japan made engineering machine. BSPPBritish Standard Pipe Parallel--BSPPBritish Standards Parallel Pipe Thread.
JIS also adopted this Standard Germmany (EU)MetricDeutsche Industrial NormeMetricDIN is the German Industrial Standards, they are widely used in German or other European market. North AmericaJICJoint Industrial CouncilSAE J514The thread was defined by the SAE J514, JIC 37° flare fitting features in flared nose of the fitting and flared tube face in the female connection with metal to metal interface. NPTNational Pipe TaperedNPTFTapered inner diameter
Tapered outer diameter
Self-sealing NPSMNational Pipe Straight MechanicalNPSM__ SAESociety of Automotive EngineersSAE J512It originate from Society of Automotive Engineers, a very reliable and resuable thread type. ORFSO-Ring Face SealSAE JORFS is the abbreviations of O-Ring Flat Seal, The thread complies with SAE J Standard.
ORFS connections are commonly manufactured in carbon, nickel plated carbon & Stainless steel and typically use Buna-N or Viton, 90 Durometer O-rings that seat into a groove in the face of the fitting. 4-Bolt Flange--SAE J518 and ISO Connected with flange, with 4 bolt to fix , suitable for both normal duty or heavy duty. Japan (East Asia)JISJapanese Industrial StandardBSPPLargely used in Japanese or Korean made engineer equipment, They usually have BSP thread.

Through the table above, you can learn the abbreviations of the main thread types in the global, and their location and features.

If you want to replace your old one, you must know how to determine the thread dimension, once you&#;ve done that, you can look up your dimension in the table below and determine its thread type.

No. Size(Thread Size or O.D.) x (of Threads Per Inch) DashInchBSP/BSPPBSPTNPTJICSAEORFSFLANGE -021/8"G1/8"x28R1/8"x28Z1/8"x275/16"x245/16"x24// -033/16"///3/8"x243/8"x24// -041/4"G1/4"x19R1/4"x19Z1/4"x187/16"x207/16"x209/16"x18/ -055/16"///1/2"x201/2"x20// -063/8"G3/8"x19R3/8"x19Z3/8"x189/16"x189/16"x/16"x16/ -081/2"G1/2"x14R1/2"x14Z1/2"x143/4"x163/4"x/16"x161/2" -105/8"G5/8"x14//7/8"x147/8"x141"x14/ -123/4"G3/4"x14R3/4"x14Z3/4"x141.1/16"x121.1/16"x121.3/16"x133/4" -147/8"///1.3/16"x121.3/16"x121.5/16"x12/ -161"G1"x11R1"x11Z1"x11.51.5/16"x121.5/16"x121.7/16x121" -201.1/4"G1.1/4"x11R1.1/4"x11Z1.1/4"x11.51.5/8"x121.5/8"x121.11/16x121.1/4" -241.1/2"G1.1/2"x11R1.1/2"x11Z1.1/2"x11.51.7/8x121.7/8x122&#;&#;x121.1/2" -322"G2"x11R2"x11Z2"x11.52.1/2"x122.1/2"x122.1/2"x122" NOTE: The dash of metric thread accords with the O.D. of thread.

As long as you carefully study the dimension of your thread in addition to the supported information of the old one, it is not difficult to determine which thread you will choose, once you&#;ve done it, let&#;s go to the next step.

Connection Port Type:

Male&#;

male connection means that the thread is located on the outer surface of the fitting, normally it can&#;t be rotated when being fixed, but especially some outer thread is located on the swivel nut. it increases the convenience of being mounted.

Female :

The thread is located on the inner surface of the swivel nut.

Flange:

Flange connections consist of a flange plate, a couple of flange clamps, and 4 bolts, an annular groove containing an elastic rubber washer on the flange plate is used to seal the interface.

Elbow Angle:

Elbow angle means the bending angle between the fitting head and the fitting tail, commonly types cover straight (0°), 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°.

Seals type:

The seal type is the most difficult part to understand in the five dimensions, we didn&#;t make it an option in the query form, but in the query result, all involved seal types are presented based on your defined parameter.

Although there might be hundreds of hydraulic fittings, they all boil down to three basic types of seals type: metal seal, soft seal, and tapered thread seal. the next table elaborates on them in detail.

Seals TypeInstanceImageDescription Tapered Thread SealNPTThe male thread mates with the female thread and a seal is formed when the two are crushed together i.e. threads deformation.

Teflon and pipe dope are used if needed.

The NPT and BSPT are not interchangeable because of the difference of their thread. BSPT Metal to Metal SealJIC 37° Flare (SAE J514)Both the JIC male and female have straight thread specified in SAE J514 Standards, The two halves have 37° flare (seat).

when they are threaded, a mechanical surface will be formed against leakage. SAE 45° Flare (SAE J512)The SAE 45° Flare connections are commonly used for low pressure applications such as refrigerant lines, fuel lines, and automotive piping systems.

Both the SAE male and female halves have a 45° flare seat.
The seal is formed on the 45° flare seat.

They have the same thread type with JIC 37° Flare. SAE 45° Inverted Flare (SAE J512)The inverted flare finds many applications in automotive systems. A machined male connector has a 42° seat.A flared male tubing has a 45° seat. The female end of the inverted flare has a 42° seat that provides a sealing surface. Threads engage to form a mechanically strong connection. NPSM 60° ConeThe thread of male and female connector is straight, the male has a 30° internal chamfer while the female has an inverted 30° seat.

The metal to metal surface will form leak-resistant when the two parts are threaded together. Metric 60° ConeThe male of the Metric 60° Cone connection has a 60° recessed cone and a straight thread. The female half has a globeseal seat and a straight thread.

The seal takes place between the 60° recessed cone and the tapered nose of the female. The threads of the two halves engage to form a mechanically strong connection.

This connection finds many applications in hydraulic systems. BSPP 60° ConeThe BSPP male end has a 30° seat. The tapered nose of the female swivel seals on the 30° seat of the male.

Although the male end is similar to the American National Pipe Straight Mechanical (NPSM) male, the two are not interchangeable because their thread pitches are different. JIS 30° FlareThe male has a 30° seat and a straight thread.The female half has a 30° seat and a straight thread.

This connection is similar to 37° Flare. Its 30° seat and BSPP-like thread dimensions differentiate it from the American 37° Flare. KOMATSU 30° Flare (JIS METRIC)The Komatsu 30° Flare has parallel metric threads and a 30° seat.

This connection is widely used on Komatsu equipment. The JIS metric connection is similar to the JIS 30° flare, except that the latter has BSPP-like thread dimensions. Flareless Compression (SAE J514)The male of the flareless tube has a 24° seat and a straight thread. The female half has a compression sleeve and a straight thread.

In addition to the sleeve, a female nut and a tube form part of the female connection. On the male, the seal takes place between the 24° seat and the compression sleeve.

On the female, the seal takes place between the tubing and the compression sleeve. The threads engage to form a mechanically strong connection. O-Ring SealSAE straight thread o-ring(o-ring boss)The male connector of the O-Ring Boss has an O-ring and a straight thread. The female port has a sealing face, a chamfer, and a straight thread.

The O-ring is compressed into the chamfer to form a seal. The threads of the two halves engage to form a mechanically strong connection. This connection finds many applications in high pressure hydraulic systems. O-Ring Face Seal(SAE J)This O-Ring Face Seal connection offers an impressive leak resistance and it is suitable for applications that are up to psi.

The male contact has an O-ring and a straight thread. The female contact has a flat surface and a straight thread.

A seal is formed when the O-ring in the face of the male end is compressed onto the machined flat surface female seat. The swivel female nut mechanically holds the connection. 4-Bolt Flange (SAE J518 AND ISO )The Four-Bolt Flange is suitable for connecting 1/2" to 3" hoses and tubings and it is widely used in fluid power systems.

The O-ring seats on the ring groove of the male. The seal takes place between the O-ring on the male and the smooth face of the female port. Four bolts and two clamp halves hold the connection in place.

Final Thoughts

In this article, we talk about how to identify your hydraulic fitting code from the five dimensions in spite of a variety of hydraulic fittings on the market, First, you should determine the tail type, whether they are swaged for permanent use or temporarily reusable use, Second, determine the thread, it is important to match the other hydraulic component completely, and then, you should determine the connection port type and the elbow angle to meet your mounting need, and finally, the result will present all hydraulic fittings aligning with your requirement in different seal types. Bear in mind, comply with the above step, and one by one, you will get the right one. Don&#;t hesitate, have a try!

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