Effective bearing measurement is key for optimal machine performance and safety. It helps identify the right bearing type and size, especially when a bearing fails or reference numbers are unclear. Accurate measurement improves efficiency and prevents further machine failures.This guide explores the key aspects of bearing measurement, including essential tools, how to measure a bearing, troubleshooting, and best practices for reliable results.
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There are various types of bearings, including ball bearings, roller bearings, etc. Each type differs in design, structure, and intended function. Identifying the specific bearing type is integral to accurate measurement since each may require unique approaches or tools for measurement. For instance, the position and the measurement way of thrust bearings need to be differentiated with radial bearings.
This device quickly measures a bore's internal diameter, ellipticity, and taper. It uncovers processing anomalies and provides a fast, precise, and reliable method for assessing bearing bore diameters.
The Air Gauge is an accurate tool that uses the principle of back pressure from air flow for precise measurements of hole diameters. With high resolution, it excels in detecting minute surface irregularities and measuring small diameters at micrometer levels.
This device is a precision measuring tool used to measure small dimensions with high accuracy. It uses a calibrated screw for measurement and includes a ratchet mechanism on the thimble for precise and consistent measurements.
CMMs use a probe to measure specific points on a fixed bearing. The probe's movements are transformed into coordinates for accurate measurements, which are compared to design specifications for quality assurance.
The device quickly checks the inner diameters of machine-made holes. It instantly decides if a part's size is within the allowed range. It has two ends: one for the smallest acceptable size (go) and one for the largest (no-go). If the 'go' end fits and the 'no-go' end doesn't, the hole is the right size.
A Digital Caliper is a helpful tool for measuring bearings. It&#;s ideal for quick measurements where extreme accuracy isn't necessary. The bearing is put between the caliper's jaws, which are adjusted to the bearing's edges. The measurement is shown on a digital display.
Understanding how to measure a bearing accurately involves the following essential steps that require careful attention. These steps, when followed diligently, will ensure precise and consistent bearing measurements, contributing significantly to the overall performance and lifespan of your machinery.
Preparing for Measurement
First, ensure the bearing and the measuring tools are clean and free from debris. A suitable work area with adequate lighting is essential for accurate measurement.
Outer Diameter (OD) Measurement
The outer diameter (OD) of a bearing, which is the distance across its exterior, is crucial for the correct fitting of the bearing within its housing.
To measure the OD, we can use a Ratchet Stop Micrometer, or CMMs. Here, we use CMMs as a demonstration to understand how to measure OD of a bearing.
First, calibrate the machine, typically using a tool of known dimensions. Following calibration, position the bearing stably on the clean machine table. Then, program the CMM to measure the bearing's outer edge. Once programmed, the machine will run the sequence, the probe touching various points on the bearing's surface and recording the coordinates. This data allows the CMM to calculate the bearing's outside diameter. You can see this result on the CMM's computer interface, and some machines can even produce a full report.
To ensure accuracy, it's advised to repeat the measurement at various points. Remember, the process may vary with different CMM models, so it's important to refer to your machine's manual, and only trained operators should use these machines.
Inner Diameter (ID) Measurement
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The Inner Diameter (ID) of a bearing is the distance across its inside and is crucial for determining proper shaft fit.
To measure the OD, we can use Air Gauges, Go/No-Go Gauges, CMMs, etc. In the following, we'll use an Air Gauge as an example to illustrate how to measure ID of a bearing.
First, you need to calibrate your air gauge to ensure its measurements will be accurate, typically by measuring a standard of a known size. Once your gauge is set up, choose the correct probe that suits the size of your bearing. The probe should be gently inserted into the bearing to avoid any damage. When in position, turn on the gauge. The air gauge functions by pumping air and measuring the back pressure, which is then correlated to the bore size. The size is displayed on the gauge. For consistent and accurate results, repeat the measurement at various points inside the bearing. Always keep in mind that for the best results, your gauge should be kept clean and calibrated, and the temperature of your working environment should be taken into consideration as it can impact the accuracy of the gauge.
Width (W) Measurement
The width of a bearing, the distance between the inner and outer races, is essential for ensuring the bearing's proper fit and performance within machinery. An inaccurately measured width can lead to improper loading conditions, causing premature bearing failure.
Ratchet Stop Micrometer is commonly used to measure the width. Firstly, ensure that the micrometer is clean and zeroed correctly. Then, open the micrometer so that the bearing can be placed between the spindle and anvil of the micrometer.
Carefully position the bearing so that the measuring faces of the micrometer make contact with the surfaces of the bearing you want to measure, which would be the side faces for measuring width.
Next, gently turn the ratchet stop until it clicks to ensure consistent force is applied. The ratchet stop prevents over-tightening and maintains measurement consistency.
Finally, read the measurement off the scale or digital display on the micrometer, which will give you the width of the bearing.
Accurate bearing measurement can be complex due to contamination, high pressure, misaligned tools, and uneven shapes. Address these by taking certain steps.
Cleaning: Ensure both the bearing and measuring tool are clean before taking measurements.
Light Pressure: Apply light, consistent pressure to prevent bearing deformation.
Proper Alignment: Ensure the measuring tool is properly aligned with the bearing surface. For width measurement, the tool should be perpendicular to the raceways.
Multiple Measurements: Take readings at multiple points around the bearing's circumference to account for potential irregularities. l
Tool Calibration: Regularly check and calibrate your tools to ensure their accuracy.
Besides maintaining cleanliness, regular calibration of tools, consistent gentle pressure, etc., it is wise to provide regular training, keeping thorough records, and adopting a systematic approach all contribute to the overall consistency and reliability of measurements. These practices form the foundation for optimizing the performance and lifespan of machinery through precise bearing fitting.
Conclusion
How to measure a bearing accurately is a crucial process that determines machinery efficiency and lifespan. At LILY Bearing, we offer a diverse range of high-quality bearings designed for performance and longevity. By combining the know-how from this guide with our top-tier products, you can ensure your machinery operates at peak efficiency.
Keep Learning
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Click here for Imperial / Metric Conversion Table
Measuring Bearings can be simple but often you may see variations in the way that bearings are listed, there is a universal method that is used by most manufacturers and we will explain this in further detail.
Vernier Calipers are the most accurate way to measure a Bearing, if you don&#;t have any handy then a ruler will give you a rough guide.
Most calipers have 2 Jaws for measuring, as shown in the picture below, the &#;Outside Large Jaws&#; are used to measure the external diameter or outer diameter (Od), these are also used to measure Width. The &#;Inner small Jaws&#; are used to measure the internal diameter (id).
The sizes can at times get confusing, when looking for a 3x8x4mm bearing it&#;s easy to stumble across something like a 4x8x3mm by accident. Here we will show you which number comes first, second and third when measuring. Our example Bearing is an 8x16x5mm.
The first Number is the Inner Diameter (id). As shown below, this is the inner ring or as some people call it the shaft size or hole. In our example this is 8mm
The Second Number is the Outer Diameter (od). In our example this is 16mm
The Third Number is the Width, In our example this is 5mm
Now that you have the measurements you can use our search feature and type in the size for example &#;8x16x5&#; to see the available options for that bearing.
Imperial Bearings are also measured by the same method, for example
1/2&#; x 3/4&#; x 5/32&#;
(id) x (od) x (W)
This Rule of Measuring in this particular order is universal. Whether its for Fishing Reels, Skateboards, RC Cars, Engines etc.
Linear Bearings are measured the same way as regular bearings, it can be a little confusing because the width is usually the largest part but refer to the below picture if you get stuck.
Written by Trevor Lockie of Plaig Bearings &#; First Published in
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