What is the nomenclature of JIC fittings?

What are JIC Fittings? 

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JIC (or Joint Industry Council) fittings, defined by SAE J514, are compression fittings machined with a 37 degree flare seating surface and parallel threads. They are commonly manufactured in nickel alloys, brass, carbon & stainless steel.

 JIC Fitting hydraulic connections are common in most fluid power systems. Both male and female components have 37 degree seats. The seal is made by establishing contact between the male flared and the female coned seat. This is considered a mechanical connection. There are three components that make a tubing assembly; fitting, flare nut and sleeve.

Advantages of Using JIC Fittings:

• They are readily available
• Offer a large variety of sizes, shapes, combinations and materials
• Sizes are consistent with SAE fittings which makes them easily interchangeable and identifiable
• The absence of an O-ring makes them desirable in high temperature applications
• Can be disconnected and reconnected repeatedly without deformation (This is very useful in applications where equipment is frequently changed or swapped out. They are easy to maintain and install. Also, the combination of male a JIC fitting and female JIC swivel make orientation much easier.)

Disadvantages of Using JIC Fittings

• They have lower pressure rating than required in some instances (high virabtion applications) 
• The metal-to-metal sealing design limits them to hydraulic, fluid, and non-critical applications
• Susceptible to flare damage and cracking due to over-tightening 

Flared Fittings 

Flared fittings provide significant design and performance characteristics as compared to pipe fittings  and can be used with thin to medium wall tubing. In most hydraulic design applications, pipe fittings have long been replaced with flared fittings, particularly in military and aerospace equipment. In low to medium pressure applications, the most common connection type is a flared fitting. Single flare SAE 37° is the standard in most hydraulic systems. SAE standards for the maximum tube wall thickness must be followed before flaring the tube to match the fitting connection. 

 JIC fittings can easily be mistaken for SAE 45 degree flare fittings. Some sizes have identical threads and care should be taken to carefully measure any seat angles to differentiate.

Not to be Mistaken for AN (Army Navy) Fittings

JIC fittings are also commonly confused with AN (Army Navy) fittings. Although the two are dimensional identical, the AN military standard calls for tighter tolerances and defines all fitting types, where the JIC uses AN specifications as the base line for their own standards and covers fewer sizes. For these reasons JIC and AN fittings are not functionally interchangeable and so care needs to be taken to properly identify your connection to create a safe and leak resistant seal.

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Standard fitting for metal tubing

JIC hydraulic fitting from Ford backhoe. It was badly stuck, but shows what a JIC fitting looks like. The left is the male part, the right is female. A JIC bulkhead adapter, which converts National Pipe Thread (NPT) on the left to JIC on the right. The angled seating surface is clearly visible on the far right.

JIC fittings, defined by the SAE J514 and MIL-DTL- standards, are a type of flare fitting machined with a 37-degree flare seating surface.  JIC (Joint Industry Council) fittings are widely used in fuel delivery and fluid power applications, especially where high pressure (up to 10,000 pounds per square inch (690 bar)) is involved.  The SAE J514 standard replaces the MS US military specification, although some tooling is still listed under MS. JIC fittings are dimensionally identical to AN (Army-Navy) fittings, but are produced to less exacting tolerances and are generally less costly.[1] SAE 45-degree flare fittings are similar in appearance, but are not interchangeable, though dash sizes 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 10 share the same thread size. Some couplings may have dual machined seats for both 37-degree and 45-degree flare seats. Komatsu and JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) fittings have flare ends similar to JIC fittings. Komatsu and JIS both use a 30-degree flare seating surface. The only difference is Komatsu uses millimeter thread sizes while JIS use a BSP (British Standard Pipe) thread. JIC fitting systems have three components that make a tubing assembly: fitting, flare nut, and sleeve.  As with other flared connection systems, the seal is achieved through metal-to-metal contact between the finished surface of the fitting nose and the inside diameter of the flared tubing.  The sleeve is used to evenly distribute the compressive forces of the flare nut to the flared end of the tube.  Materials commonly used to fabricate JIC fittings include forged carbon steel, forged stainless steel, forged brass, machined brass, Monel and nickel-copper alloys.

JIC fittings are commonly used in the Fluid Power industry in a diagnostic and test-point setting. A three-way JIC coupling provides a port inline of circuit by which a user can connect a measurement or diagnostic device to take pressure readings and perform circuit and system diagnostics.

Specifications[2] Size Designation Taper width, "A", inches Thread width, "B", inches Thread Spec. "C" Shoulder width, "D" inches Shoulder Diameter, "E", inches Fitting Length, "F", inches Bore Diameter, "H", inches Tip Diameter, "I", inches 2 0.111 0.208 5/16&#; - 24 UNF 0.067 0.250 0.448 0.062 0.083 3 0.11 0.239 3/8&#; - 24 UNF 0.067 0.312 0.479 0.125 0.146 4 0.114 0.282 7/16&#; &#; 20 UNF 0.080 0.364 0.550 0.172 0.193 5 0.114 0.282 1/2&#; - 20 UNF 0.080 0.426 0.550 0.234 0.255 6 0.108 0.275 9/16" &#; 18 UNF 0.090 0.481 0.556 0.281 0.318 7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 8 0.155 0.310 3/4&#; - 16 UNF 0.098 0.659 0.657 0.406 0.426 9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10 0.155 0.385 7/8&#; - 14 UNF 0.111 0.772 0.758 0.531 0.539 11 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 12 0.185 0.424 1-1/16&#; - 12 UN 0.130 0.943 0.943 0.609 0.664 13 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 14 0.186 0.450 1-3/16" &#; 12 UN 0.129 1.068 0.890 0.719 0.788 15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 16 0.186 0.471 1-5/16" &#; 12 UN 0.129 1.193 0.911 0.844 0.913 17 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 18 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 19 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 20 -- -- 1-5/8&#; &#; 12 UN -- -- 0.96 1.078 --

References

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• SAE J514 IHS Markit Standards Store

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